Stormwater Atlas

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Permeable Pavement

Generated 8/13/2026, 10:43:12 AM · composer-2.5:run-9368a819-0c3d-4042-bc2e-26e402d5c9f6

Provisional practice synthesis — not a design manual or adopted regulation. Numbers come from atlas design_parameters; verify against source PDFs. Controlling state/local criteria apply when more stringent.

National baseline

Among Tier A manuals that mention permeable pavement, jurisdiction-level water-quality volume (WQv) depth is most often cited at 1 inch (n=30, median 1, range 0.37–1.61), reflecting site-wide sizing context rather than a pavement-layer specification. Site-wide maximum drawdown time clusters at 72 hours as the mode (n=36, median 48, range 4–120), while seasonal high water table (SHWT) separation is commonly 24 inches at the mode (n=36, median 36, range 12–120)—again as jurisdictional infiltration-practice context, not a universal pavement cross-section. Practice-specific storage depth under permeable pavement is not yet numerically well established: only five manuals report values (mode 4 inches, median 9, range 4–18). Where design infiltration rate is stated for this practice (n=20), the mode and median are both 0.5 in/hr (range 0.01–2.41). Committee discussion should treat these figures as extracted consensus from manuals, not an adopted national standard.

Matrix summary

Tier A scans show permeable pavement mentioned in 53 of 76 manuals. Jurisdiction-level WQv depth modes at 1 inch (n=30), max drawdown at 72 hours (n=36, median 48), and SHWT separation at 24 inches mode with 36-inch median (n=36). Practice-specific storage depth lacks breadth (n=5, mode 4, median 9 inches). Stated design infiltration rates center on 0.5 in/hr (n=20, mode and median 0.5, range 0.01–2.41).

Cross-state parameters

Site water-quality depth (not practice-specific)

n=30 · mode=1 · median=1 · range=0.37–1.61 inches

StateSlugValue
MAboston-ma1 inches
MDbaltimore-md1 inches
VAchesapeake-va1 inches
MIdetroit-mi1 inches
AZflagstaff-az1 inches
TXhouston-tx0.5 inches
MNminneapolis-mn1.25 inches
VAnorfolk-va1 inches
ORportland-or1.61 inches
NVlas-vegas-nv0.37 inches
CTct-state1.3 inches
TXdallas-tx1.5 inches
GAga-state1.2 inches
INindiana-manual1 inches
IAia-state-ch11.25 inches
MEmaine-manual1 inches
MAma-state-draft1 inches
MImichigan-manual1 inches
MOkansas-city-marc-bmp1.37 inches
NEne-ndot-stf0.5 inches
NHnh-state1 inches
NYny-state1.2 inches
NCnc-state1 inches
OHohio-rainwater0.75 inches
PApa-state1.2 inches
PAphiladelphia-pa1.5 inches
RIri-state1 inches
HIhawaii-dot-pcbmp1 inches
COdenver-co0.6 inches
VTvt-state1 inches
WVwest-virginia-manual1 inches

Max drawdown / dewatering time

n=36 · mode=72 · median=48 · range=4–120 hours

StateSlugValue
ALalabama-handbook40 hours
NMalbuquerque-nm-gsi96 hours
CAca-casqa-municipal72 hours
CAca-caltrans-construction96 hours
IDboise-id48 hours
VAchesapeake-va48 hours
ILchicago-il72 hours
OHcolumbus-oh72 hours
AZflagstaff-az24 hours
TXhouston-tx48 hours
ORportland-or30 hours
WAseattle-wa24 hours
NVlas-vegas-nv72 hours
CTct-state48 hours
CAlos-angeles-ca96 hours
DEde-wet-ponds-draft24 hours
FLfl-fsesci-tier14 hours
IDidaho-bmp-catalog72 hours
INindiana-manual24 hours
MEmaine-manual48 hours
MDmd-state24 hours
MAma-state-draft72 hours
MOkansas-city-marc-bmp40 hours
MNmn-state-200848 hours
MSms-state-vol2120 hours
MTbillings-mt72 hours
MTmt-deq872 hours
NEne-ndot-stf72 hours
NJnj-state72 hours
PApa-state72 hours
PAphiladelphia-pa72 hours
RIri-state48 hours
SCsouth-carolina-manual72 hours
HIhawaii-dot-pcbmp48 hours
TNtn-state24 hours
VTvt-state48 hours
WAwa-state-western48 hours
WVwest-virginia-manual48 hours

SHWT separation

n=36 · mode=24 · median=36 · range=12–120 inches

StateSlugValue
ALalabama-handbook24 inches
NMalbuquerque-nm-gsi36 inches
WAbellevue-wa60 inches
IDboise-id36 inches
VAchesapeake-va12 inches
ILchicago-il24 inches
MIdetroit-mi24 inches
TXhouston-tx48 inches
MNminneapolis-mn36 inches
ORportland-or60 inches
NCraleigh-nc12 inches
CAsan-diego-ca120 inches
NVlas-vegas-nv24 inches
CTct-state36 inches
DEde-wet-ponds-draft24 inches
DCdc-guidebook24 inches
IDidaho-bmp-catalog36 inches
INindiana-manual36 inches
MEmaine-manual12 inches
MDmd-state48 inches
MAma-state-draft24 inches
MOkansas-city-marc-bmp36 inches
MNmn-state-200836 inches
MSms-state-vol224 inches
MTbillings-mt36 inches
MTmt-deq812 inches
NJnj-state12 inches
NYny-state24 inches
OHohio-rainwater48 inches
PApa-state24 inches
PAphiladelphia-pa24 inches
RIri-state36 inches
HIhawaii-dot-pcbmp36 inches
TNtn-state24 inches
TXtx-edwards-rg34848 inches
VTvt-state36 inches
WAwa-state-western60 inches
WVwest-virginia-manual24 inches

Permeable pavement storage / section depth

n=5 · mode=4 · median=9 · range=4–18 inches

StateSlugValue
IDboise-id4 inches
TXhouston-tx9 inches
MOkansas-city-marc-bmp12 inches
MTbillings-mt6 inches
PApa-state18 inches

Design infiltration rate

n=20 · mode=0.5 · median=0.5 · range=0.01–2.41 in/hr

StateSlugValue
ALalabama-handbook1 in/hr
NMalbuquerque-nm-gsi0.1 in/hr
ILchicago-il0.5 in/hr
TXhouston-tx0.5 in/hr
ORportland-or2 in/hr
CTct-state0.5 in/hr
TXdallas-tx0.5 in/hr
DCdc-guidebook0.5 in/hr
IDidaho-bmp-catalog0.4 in/hr
MEmaine-manual2.41 in/hr
MAma-state-draft0.01 in/hr
MOkansas-city-marc-bmp0.0208 in/hr
MSms-state-vol20.52 in/hr
NEne-ndot-stf0.5 in/hr
NYny-state0.5 in/hr
RIri-state0.5 in/hr
SCsouth-carolina-manual0.3 in/hr
TNtn-state0.5 in/hr
VTvt-state0.2 in/hr
VAva-state0.5 in/hr
WVwest-virginia-manual0.5 in/hr

Regional modifiers

Cold climate and frost

Cold-region manuals still cite site-wide drawdown and SHWT values that diverge from the 72-hour and 24-inch modes—for example 48-hour drawdown in ME, MN, VT, and WA western state guidance, and SHWT separations of 12 inches in ME and MT DEQ guidance versus 36–60 inches in MN, Bellevue WA, and Portland OR contexts. Design infiltration rates span from 0.2 in/hr (VT) to 2.41 in/hr (ME), so frost and seasonal infiltration assumptions should be read from each cited source rather than from a single temperate default.

States: ME, MN, MT, VT, WA, OR, ID. Sources: maine-manual, mn-state-2008, mt-deq8, vt-state, wa-state-western, portland-or, boise-id, idaho-bmp-catalog

Coastal and high water table

Coastal and humid jurisdictions often specify tighter SHWT separation (12 inches in Chesapeake VA and Raleigh NC) or longer drawdown allowances (120 hours in MS). Houston TX pairs 48-inch SHWT separation with 9 inches of reported permeable pavement storage depth and 0.5 in/hr design infiltration—useful regional contrast to inland mode values but not transferable as national facility specs.

States: VA, NC, MS, TX. Sources: chesapeake-va, raleigh-nc, ms-state-vol2, houston-tx, tx-edwards-rg348

Arid and semi-arid

Arid manuals show the widest spread in site-wide WQv depth (Las Vegas NV 0.37 inches) and drawdown (Flagstaff AZ 24 hours; Albuquerque NM GSI 96 hours). Design infiltration is often conservative (Albuquerque 0.1 in/hr) relative to the 0.5 in/hr mode, reflecting low native infiltration and jurisdictional caution rather than a single arid pavement design rate.

States: NV, AZ, NM. Sources: las-vegas-nv, flagstaff-az, albuquerque-nm-gsi

Karst and shallow rock

Where karst or Edwards aquifer protection appears in the matrix, SHWT or separation guidance tends toward 48 inches (TX Edwards RG348) alongside typical 0.5 in/hr design rates in several Gulf and mid-Atlantic sources. Numeric sample size for practice-specific storage remains too small (n=5) to define a karst-specific pavement storage baseline from Tier A extracts alone.

States: TX. Sources: tx-edwards-rg348, houston-tx, alabama-handbook

Open issues

Permeable pavement storage depth is reported in only five Tier A manuals (mode 4 inches, range 4–18), so a national numeric baseline for aggregate reservoir thickness is not established. Design infiltration rate shows high dispersion (0.01–2.41 in/hr) with many missing values (32 of 53 mentioning manuals), including chapter-proxy entries that may not be practice-specific. Site-wide WQv, drawdown, and SHWT fields are frequently absent (45, 38, and 38 missing respectively among 76 scanned) and must not be mistaken for permeable pavement layer requirements. Florida FSESCI Tier 1 lists 4-hour max drawdown as an outlier relative to the 72-hour mode. No matrix fields address maintenance triggers, clogging recovery, or structural loading as numeric consensus.